Jnana Yajna
Love is the Form of Brahman;
Brahman is Love Divine.
The merger of human love with Divine Love brings
about Cosmic Order.
One who is full of love attains Advaita.
Embodiments of Love!
An individual seeking to realize Divinity must possess the primary prerequisite of chitta-shuddhi or purity of heart. Even as poisonous creatures like snakes and scorpions do not enter a clean and well-lit room, desire, anger, envy, and hatred do not enter a mind which possesses purity and wisdom.
The removal of ignorance is not an impossible task as would be the case in an attempt to wash a piece of charcoal pure white with milk. One who seeks to dispel the darkness of ignorance must necessarily acquire jnana. Just as a lamp is needed to drive away darkness, jnana or wisdom is the only antidote for ignorance. Nascence is like the encrustation on a copper vessel which can be washed off; it is like the husk covering the grain of rice that can be removed by the process of threshing.
Arjuna, who was ridden by doubt and hesitation, was unable to recognize his own real nature. Neither was he, stricken by despondency, able to act in accordance with the commands of Krishna. Krishna, therefore, infusing courage and confidence in him, instructed him on the sacred yoga of spiritual wisdom—jnana-yoga. Krishna said, “Arjuna, all actions must ultimately find their fulfillment in jnana and must, therefore, be performed with meticulous care.” Many perform yajnas and yagas for the acquisition of jnana; and some of these like the A_shwamedha Yaga_ and the R_ajasuya Yaga_ are too expensive and elaborate for the common man. People also perform yagas for securing temporal results. These proceed from Gunadharma and not from Samajika-dharma or Ishvara-dharma.
Jnana can be considered in many ways. It is considered as a yajna and even tapas or austerity through which people endeavour to attain the Divine. Jnana-yajna can be performed by all irrespective of caste, creed, religion, or sect. Whosoever performs actions as offerings to God, for His pleasure and without any desire whatsoever for the fruits thereof, performs jnana-yajna. Krishna says, “Those who cognize Brahma in all actions, verily perform jnana-yajna."
Krishna kindled in Arjuna the flame of jnana. To light a lamp, a container, oil, wick, and fire are necessary. But most essentially, there should be someone to light it. Similarly, for lighting the fire of jnana in an individual, he should possess in him the container of vairagya (detachment), the oil of bhakti (devotion), the wick of indriya-nigraham (sense control), and the fire of atma-vichara (self-enquiry). “In you are present these essential qualities and so I shall kindle the flame of jnana in you,” said Krishna to Arjuna.
Explaining the reason why caste distinctions have been made, Krishna said, “I have created the four varnas to promote sva-dharma, samajika-dharma, vishva-dharma, and ishvara-dharma and to establish them permanently in this world so that, in turn, the flame of jnana will burn bright forever.” The four varnas are the brahmins, the kshatriyas, the vaishyas, and the shudras. Passages in the purusha-suktam describe the different Varnas as parts of the Lord’s body. The brahmins, who regard the Vedas and the Sastras as perennial and abiding truths and as the pathways along which humanity must progress, are described as the face of Brahma. The ksatriyas, kings, who sacrifice their bodies for the sake of the country and utilize their physical prowess for the defense of the country’s cultural and territorial integrity, are described as the shoulders. The wealthy vaisyas, who engage themselves in charity, distributing their wealth to all and sundry, have been described as the thighs. The feet are the sudras who engage themselves in cultivation and maintaining the regular supply of grain for food.
Each organ of the body works in unison with the rest of the body while discharging faithfully its own assigned function. Should something happen to any limb, the danger is shared by the other organs who come forward to mitigate the pain of the affected part. A small example illustrates this. While a person is walking along a path, a thorn is noticed by the eyes. On account of the internal communication system between the eye which is on the face and the foot which is at the bottom, the thorn is avoided by the foot. If the thorn pricks the sole of the foot, the eye shares the pain and sheds tears sympathetically.
In the same manner, the different castes should work in coordination with each other and share the joys and sorrows of each other. This spirit of mutual love and unity is essential for the promotion and protection of Dharma in society. In a body, the same heart animates the head, the shoulders, the thighs, and the feet, and the same blood flows through all of them. Thus, there is no room for distinctions and differences among the four. Likewise, the Brahmins, the Ksatriyas, the Vaisyas, and the Sudras must remember that they are all motivated by the same Divine life-force and must not allow caste difference and discrimination to arise. However, through the centuries, the inner significance has been forgotten and the caste system has been made a basis for sectarian distinctions and communal disharmony.
Wisdom has been likened to a boat which can take man across the turbulent waters of samsara or worldly existence. It has also been described as the fire which burns all illusions, impurities, and idiosyncrasies of human nature. In this connection, let us examine the connection between the fire and our food. The smoke depends on the fire, the cloud depends on the smoke, the rain depends on the cloud, the crop depends on the rain, and the food depends on the crop we harvest. Further, the attitude and qualities of our mind are conditioned by the food we consume.
Let us consider wisdom as a sword, too. Desire, anger, passion, greed, pride, and envy take roots and grow like mighty trees in our hearts, destroying our innate humanity. Wisdom is the sword with which we must cut off these trees and live a quiet and happy life.
Thus, in the fourth chapter of the Gita, Krishna explained the genesis of the four Varnas and described jnana-yoga. He emphasized that no other Yajna need be performed if jnana-yajna is undertaken. He exhorted Arjuna to dedicate his actions to the Lord and realize through them, the unity of mankind. Yajna is the dedication of all the powers man is endowed with, to the supreme Lord. It can be performed by all—men, women, children, aged people, the rich and the poor. Whoever performs actions in a spirit of dedication to the Lord performs jnana-yajna. To perform this, money and materials are not necessary. Virtue is the prime requisite, the heart is the altar, thoughts are the offerings, and Delight is the ultimate fruit. One must undertake actions in this spirit for the attainment of Supreme Delight, the delight of Life, the delight of the Spirit, and the delight that is Divine. Jnana-yajna is the performance of action, discarding the spirit of attachment and ego. Trying to live with self-realization is the essence of jnana-yajna.
“Who are you? Whence have you come? Whither do you go?” We are in a pitiable plight, harping on “mine” and “thine” and not knowing the answers to these questions. Where were you before your birth? Where would you be after death? Who are your children? Who are your friends? Man has none to call his own. All these relationships arise from selfish attachments and do not indicate any permanent bond. “Recognize this truth”, Krishna told Arjuna. “Do not entertain the attitude of weakness and illusion, proceeding from ignorance. Do not become feeble-hearted by calling these people your uncles, gurus, friends, and sires.” Emphasizing further, Krishna said, “O Arjuna! You are not the killer and they are not killed. These bodies resemble mere vestments. None feels sorry to throw away old and soiled garments. All these bodies are like worn-out dispensable garments.”
Arjuna had a doubt. “It may be proper to compare the bodies of people who are eighty, ninety, or a hundred years old to disposable garments; how is it proper to compare the bodies of those who are five or ten years old to clothes which have served their purpose?" Krishna answered Arjuna, “You do not have the authority to decide which is old and which is new. Such discrimination has not yet developed in you.” I am giving one small illustration. Ten years ago you purchased a piece of cloth, kept it somewhere, and forgot about it. When you happen to open the almirah now, that cloth attracts your attention. At once you take it to a tailor and have a coat made out of it. When you put on this new coat, you feel happy that you are donning it. But when you bend forward, the coat gets torn. You feel sorry that your new coat is torn. Though the coat is new, the cloth is of old stock. Likewise, the bodies of a young person may appear as new and fresh, but may be of old stock belonging to some previous births. Just as the garment is the cloak for the body, the body is the vesture of the spirit. Krishna thus compared the body to a garment that gets soiled and worn-out, drops off, and is reduced to ashes. “Death is the dress of life.” At the time of death, we cast off one dress and don another. No one laments when he is told that fire is hot or ice is cold. It is quite a natural phenomenon. Similarly, it is natural for the body that is born, to die. To lament over it, is sheer ignorance. The knowledge of the Self is essential to exterminate this ignorance. It is the duty of every individual to acquire this self-knowledge, to recognize the true destination of life, and to strive to merge in the sacredness of Divinity. Thus, Krishna preached to Arjuna the sublime wisdom and the sanctity of jnana-yajna. Thereby, Krishna exhorted Arjuna to proceed and fight on the battlefield.
“O, Arjuna! Do not feel that you are fighting your relations and friends. Consider that you are fighting your own vile tendencies. These enter your nature like friends and then torment you like foes. Therefore, with the support of good qualities, you should fight against your evil qualities. Continuing to think of Me always, carry on the fight,” Krishna advised.